The solid inner core at the center of the Earth, surrounded by the outer core, mantle and crust. Here’s why: While it is well known that a material must be at or below its freezing temperature to be ...

For most of its history, Earth has existed in a greenhouse state—warm, ice-free, and rich in atmospheric carbon dioxide. The ice-covered conditions of today are an exception, shaped by an intricate ...

Computational modeling shows that plate tectonics weren't necessary for early continents. The formation of Earth's continents billions of years ago set the stage for life to thrive. But scientists ...

Thomas Gernon receives funding from the WoodNext Foundation, a component fund administered by the Greater Houston Community Foundation. In 2005, I was navigating winding roads through the Drakensberg ...

A bright fireball streaked across the sky above mountains, glaciers and spruce forest near the town of Revelstoke in British Columbia, Canada, on the evening of March 31, 1965. Fragments of this ...