Two types of immunity, humoral and cellular, offer protection against COVID. Humoral protection, contributed by circulating neutralizing antibodies, can provide immediate protection but decays more ...

Causing approximately a billion infections globally annually, the influenza virus represents one of the globe’s greatest viral threats. While current vaccines protect against severe outcomes, ...

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains the leading immunological cause of kidney allograft loss, yet its humoral origins are incompletely understood.