The flow of all fluids, whether liquid or gas, will have one of three states: laminar, turbulent, and transitional. This article discusses flow principles and pressure-based flow measurement. Laminar ...

Turbulent flows in pipes are of importance for many every-day applications. What they all have in common is their appearance: They travel down the pipe bubbling and gurgling like a mountain stream.

The effectiveness of the mixing process can be key to determining whether the overall process is viable on any scale and can be the difference between a reaction working and the difference between a ...

The boundary layer, a tiny layer on the surface of a body in a flowing fluid, such as an airplane wing in the air, is of paramount importance for the future of flight. Just over 100 years ago, Ludwig ...

Turbulence not just affects our well-being during flights; it also plays a central role in nature and in technology: it influences how pollutants spread in the atmosphere, how efficiently fuel and air ...

Russian analysts are testing the characteristics of a laminar-flow nacelle proposed for the high-thrust Aviadvigatel PD-35 engine. The PD-35 is a planned evolution of the PD-14 engine developed for ...