The esophagus and pharynx have been opened to show the connections of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus into the pharynx. The arrow (b, bottom left) represents the path that food ...
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder whereby breathing repeatedly stops due to obstruction and collapse of the pharynx within the upper airway. The pathophysiology underlying OSA is ...