Post-production cost deductions are a common source of royalty litigation. Local lease-interpretation rules determine whether particular deductions are proper and defensible in court. Different ...

The world of microeconomics and business decision-making hinges upon a key concept: marginal cost. In the simplest terms, marginal cost represents the expense incurred to produce an additional unit of ...

Secondary production is an ecosystem (energy flow) concept that is measured using a population technique. Textbooks rarely mention that it can address population/community questions as well. Secondary ...

The calculation uses the bonding levels for a p-year future time horizon based on data collected from a time no longer than p-years, and vice versa. For example, if the only cost data available are ...