House Republicans surprised tech industry watchers and outraged many state governments when they added a clause to Republicans’ signature “big, beautiful” tax bill that bans states and localities from regulating artificial intelligence for a decade.

GOP senators have raised concerns about the deficit impact of the emerging package, as well as the cuts to Medicaid and clean energy funding.

With President Donald Trump’s agenda on the line, Speaker Mike Johnson is stuck in the middle between two disgruntled factions of the House GOP that want completely different things. If he can’t find a way to appease both,