Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Measuring Modulation Oct 1, 2004 12:00 PM, By John Battison, P.E., technical editor, RF The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or ...

PAM4 is a four-level pulse amplitude-modulated signal, which can be electrical or optical. Traditionally, digital signals are encoded for transmission in two levels, 0 and 1.

In the case of an amplitude modulated signal they are easy to determine, but for frequency modulation the situation is not quite as straightforward. They are dependent upon not only the deviation, but ...

This tutorial explains the fundamentals of time-, frequency-, and modulation-domain analysis from the perspective of several examples.

Amplitude modulation (AM) does exactly what its name suggests: the amplitude of an audio signal is modulated by another signal. It's similar to ring modulation, but it contains the original carrier ...

Digital modulation techniques can also be classified according to the type of signal that is being modulated. Amplitude modulation (AM) is the most common type of digital modulation.

Quadrature amplitude modulation signalling is currently enabling rapid data transfer capacity growth, but it still has associated drawbacks. Here, Liu et al.use optical injection locking to ...

SCIENCE Modulation is the process of adding audio to a transmitted signal. Amplitude modulation is aptly named. A station’s carrier (transmitter power) is varied by the station’s audio. Carrier power ...